Author: Elizabeth D. Carney, Department of History and Geography, Clemson University - Academia.edu, ResearchGate, Wikipedia

Abstract: »Though only one or two women are at all likely to have gone into combat during the reigns of Philip and Alexander, their wars had impact upon hundreds of thousands of women. Many women were killed, raped, taken as captives, often sold as slaves. Macedonian women, from members of the royal family down to those of modest means, had to cope with the short and (especially in the reign of Alexander) long term absences of their male kin. Other women accompanied the armies, sometimes for long periods. Captives could become wives, whatever their social rank. Like the men, women had to accommodate themselves to the new circumstances and new cultures. Looking at the role of women in these campaigns is a way to broaden our understanding of the wars of Philip and Alexander, to understand these events in a way more like the way we understand modern wars.« (Source: Brill)

Wikipedia: Ancient history: Ancient Greece / Classical Greece | Sex and the law: Rape / Wartime sexual violence | War: Wars involving ancient Greece / Expansion of Macedonia under Philip II, Wars of Alexander the Great